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Singh, A. P.
- Forgiveness:A Review of Literature
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1 Department of Psychology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Psychology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Wardha, Maharashtra, IN
1 Department of Psychology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Psychology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Wardha, Maharashtra, IN
Source
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, Vol 5, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 698-702Abstract
Psychologist and researchers give many definitions and explore the concept of forgiveness. Forgiveness is distinct from other ways of dealing with personal insults or injury. Forgiveness is not condoning, excusing, exonerating, justifying, or pardoning an offender (Enright, 2001; Worthington, Witvliet, Pietrini, & Miller, 2007). Neither is forgiveness the same as reconciling a damaged relationship or restoring offenders to their former status (Sutton, 2010). In such a backdrop this review are under taken there themes. Forgiveness: effects, benefits, forgiveness and stress, coping mechanisms, physiological changes and health. Review indicate that forgivingness related to levels of stress, well-being, and depression (Lawler-Row & Piferi, 2006) and it helpful in the treatment of disorders such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, disorders of childhood, eating disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, and marital and family dysfunction. Further forgiveness has been hypothesized to be an emotion-focused coping strategy. It has been found to reduce anger andhostility(Al-Mabuketal., 1995).Keywords
Forgiveness, Unforgiveness, Stress, Coping Strategy, Health, Well-Being.
- Development and Validation of a Psychometric Scale for Assessing Interpersonal Competence of Managers
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, DAV PG. College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Psychology, DAV PG. College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, Vol 6, No 3 (2018), Pagination: 301-309Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to present the processes undertaken to evaluate the psychometric properties of interpersonal competence scale (ICS), developed and validated for measuring interpersonal competence of managers. Interpersonal competence is an important variable that play pivotal role in different areas of human-life and to examine its importance in organizational milieu a psychological tool is necessary. This scale consists of 40 items before standardization. Responses were taken from 250 mangers of first level working in different subsidiaries of Coal India Limited (CIL), India using self-report measure method as a locus of measurement. Content and face validity, construct validity using exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient were used for validation and standardization of the interpersonal competence scale. Four items were dropped due to poor item-total correlation; five items were dropped due to less loading than .40 while two items were dropped because they were having cross loadings. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed remaining 29 items are loaded on five factors (providing emotional support, conflict resolution, asserting influence, self-disclosure, & initiating relationship) and explain 48.6 % of total variance in interpersonal competence construct. The results of reliability analysis indicate that Cronbach's alpha is .905 for standardized 29 items of interpersonal competence scale and thus reliability is good and acceptable for newly developed scale. Findings of this paper suggest that this interpersonal competence scale is a valid and reliable research tool which can be used to a wider population of mangers working in different organizations.Keywords
Interpersonal Competence, Reliability, Construct Validity.References
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